Vineyard Soil Characterization in Serbia: Importance, Timing, and Scope of Analysis

Ninkov, Jordana and Milić, Stanko and Jakšić, Snežana and Vasin, Jovica and Živanov, Milorad and Jakšić, Darko and Perović, Veljko and Tomić, Nemanja and Koković, Jelena and Milićević, Tijana (2024) Vineyard Soil Characterization in Serbia: Importance, Timing, and Scope of Analysis. In: Book of Abstracts from the 17th Serbian Congress of Fruit and Grapevine Producers with International Participation. Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade, pp. 98-99. ISBN 978-86-7834-443-5

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Abstract

The authenticity of wine and protected geographical indications are associated with the place of origin, specifically the natural characteristics of the area, including the soil, as well as other components of the terroir. In the characterization of vineyard soils as the identity of a winery, soil characteristics are often described without substantiated research and analysis. This paper addresses the necessary elements of soil characterization, starting with pedological research and the determination of the indigenous soil type, water-physical characteristics, fertility parameters including macro and microelements, the absence of hazardous and harmful substances, and biological soil characteristics. Additionally, developed models for geostatistical processing and spatial mapping of data are presented. The material consolidates the characterization of soils from six vineyard regions during previously implemented projects: Pocerina-Valjevo, Vranje, Niš, Mlava, Tri Morave, and Šumadija regions. This paper also examines the appropriate timing for soil analysis and characterization. Vineyard soils are under strong anthropogenic influence, where powerful ameliorative measures at the establishment significantly alter the natural soil characteristics, creating a type of soil known as Rigosol. Detailed soil analyses are most often conducted at the time of vineyard establishment, while subsequent ameliorative measures significantly change this initial state. The level of intervention at the establishment is necessary to improve the soil and create optimal conditions for the growth and development of the vine, which affects grape quality and thus represents the protection and sustainability of the entire investment. After the vineyard is established, the soil needs to be re-characterized, further monitored, and carefully maintained in a consistently good condition. This is particularly true for ameliorative measures that need to be continuously implemented, such as liming and phosphatization in most of the examined vineyard regions. Investment in soil analysis and characterization is justified compared to other necessary investments in viticulture and the results that can be achieved by improving the soil.

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